{"id":18126,"date":"2020-03-19T14:00:22","date_gmt":"2020-03-19T08:30:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.fundsindia.com\/blog\/?p=18126"},"modified":"2020-03-19T13:37:11","modified_gmt":"2020-03-19T08:07:11","slug":"things-under-our-control","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.fundsindia.com\/blog\/mf-research\/things-under-our-control\/18126","title":{"rendered":"Things under our control"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The last few weeks have been pretty tough for most of us.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">At the current juncture, while <\/span><b>\u2018Be Patient\u2019<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> remains the best time-tested advice, let us be honest. This is far easier said than done.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Given the sharp declines in the equity market, there is a high likelihood of hasty decisions in panic, which can have long-term repercussions on our future goals and portfolio returns.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">During times like these, while no one knows when it will end, there is a simple takeaway from studying past market corrections &#8211;\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Inevitably equity markets<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> have <\/span><b>always recovered!\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Napoleon Bonaparte had a great definition of a military genius &#8211;\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The person who can do the average thing when everyone else around him is losing his mind.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This is exactly what is required from us at the current juncture.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If we can think through this and approach the correction with a logical plan, then the current decline can actually be a great opportunity to improve our overall long-term portfolio returns.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><b>How do we do this?<\/b><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Let me attempt to address this via answering several questions currently running in your mind&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><b>Will markets continue to fall in the coming days, weeks, months? To what extent will they fall and when will they finally recover?<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To predict the outcome we will need to know the answers to&#8230;\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">How quickly a vaccine can be created for Coronavirus, where will the virus spread next, and most importantly, how quickly can the virus be contained?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What will be the economic impact on different global economies and India?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Where will oil prices settle and how will the current lower oil price impact the global economy and India?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What will be the government and central bank action to stimulate the economy both globally and in India?<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">And assuming we luckily get all the above right, here is the final part we need to predict&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">How will millions of investors with different goals, perspectives, risk appetite and time horizons react to all the above?<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Given the fact that no one predicted Coronavirus two months back, we would reiterate our humble view &#8211; <\/span><b>No One Knows<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There is no way to predict markets in the short term. There are simply too many moving parts and to predict each and every one of them consistently is next to impossible.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><b>So if we don\u2019t know what the markets will do over the short term, how do we act?<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In times of extreme noise, we prefer taking the \u2018first principles\u2019 approach and going back to the fundamentals.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There are three things which drive market returns over time.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Earnings Growth<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Dividend Yield<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Change in Valuation multiples<\/strong><b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &#8211; reflecting how much investors are willing to pay for those earnings<\/span><\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Equity Returns = Earnings growth + Dividend yield + Change in Valuation Multiples<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Simply put, to predict future equity returns, we need to predict the above 3 things.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Let us get done with the easiest one. Historically, Dividend Yields have been around 1.5% for the Indian large cap index Nifty 50. This can be a fair assumption to make going forward.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Earnings growth for a diversified portfolio is <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">reasonably<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> predictable over longer time horizons. Long-term 10Y earnings growth in India has averaged around 10-12% CAGR. The last 5 years were at sub 4% and assuming that it gets back to long term averages, we can expect an above-average period of earnings growth for the next 5 years.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When it comes to short-term returns, the third factor \u2018Changes in Valuations\u2019 is where the problem lies.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Short-term returns are significantly driven by changes in valuations (read as &#8220;change in investor sentiments&#8221;). And as you would have guessed by now, predicting the future sentiments of millions of investors is a futile exercise.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Morgan Housel of Collaborative Fund, had this to say on the subject of valuation:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cEarnings multiples reflect people\u2019s feelings about the future. And there\u2019s just no way to know what people are going to think about the future in the future. How could you?<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If someone said, \u201cI think most people will be in a 10% better mood in the year 2023,\u201d we\u2019d call them delusional. When someone does the same thing by projecting 10-year market returns, we call them analysts.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">However, the good part is, the impact of change in valuations (provided you haven\u2019t entered at extremes) on equity returns, diminishes over the long run.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>So while we can\u2019t predict the markets over the short run because of the unpredictable nature of valuation changes, over long periods, markets are driven by earnings growth (and dividend yields) which are reasonably predictable.<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This means, for a long term patient investor<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Earnings growth remains the key driver of returns &#8211; this is reasonably predictable for a diversified equity portfolio over the long run<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Entering at insanely expensive valuations can reduce returns below long-term earnings growth (as valuations revert back to their long-term averages)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Entering at average valuations can produce returns mirroring long-term earnings growth<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Entering at cheap valuations can produce excess returns over and above long-term earnings growth (as valuations revert back to their long-term averages)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><b>What do the earnings growth expectation and valuations indicate about long-term return expectation at this juncture?<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.fundsindia.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Table-1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-18148\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fundsindia.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Table-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1491\" height=\"565\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fundsindia.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Table-1.jpg 1491w, https:\/\/www.fundsindia.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Table-1-300x114.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.fundsindia.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Table-1-768x291.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.fundsindia.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Table-1-1024x388.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1491px) 100vw, 1491px\" \/><\/a>\n<p><b>Valuations: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The trailing 12 month PE multiple for the Nifty 50 has corrected from 23 times to 18 times in the last few weeks. The long term averages have been around these levels and we can assume 18-20 times as a sensible range for building our future expectations.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Earnings Growth:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> We were earlier building an estimate of around 14-16% earnings growth for the next 5 years factoring in the low base, recovery in profitability of corporate banks and the recent corporate tax cuts.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">While it is still too early to quantify the impact of Coronavirus on 5-year earnings growth, assuming a lower earnings growth expectation of 12-14% (to be honest, no one knows the sanctity of this assumption at this juncture, however we believe it is a reasonable long term assumption to make based on historical trends), we are still positioned for a 14-18% return environment assuming the PE multiple stays close to historical averages of 18-20 times.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This implies the return environment has become very attractive and it makes sense to increase equity exposure at this juncture. Further correction will only imply equities get more attractive with higher return potential.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><b>But what if markets decline further?<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">While we won\u2019t be able to know that in advance, we can take a look at all the past declines (above 20%) and set reasonable expectations.<\/span><\/p>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.fundsindia.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Table-2-1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-18149\" src=\"https:\/\/www.fundsindia.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Table-2-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1496\" height=\"608\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.fundsindia.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Table-2-1.jpg 1496w, https:\/\/www.fundsindia.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Table-2-1-300x122.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.fundsindia.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Table-2-1-768x312.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.fundsindia.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/Table-2-1-1024x416.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1496px) 100vw, 1496px\" \/><\/a>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The average time for which a decline lasts is 13 months. The longest period of decline has been around 2 years and 3 months.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The longest period for a decline and recovery is around 5 years.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Given this, we would recommend investors wanting to make use of this opportunity in equities to at least have a 5-7 year time frame (accounting for the worst case).<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Once the time frame is set, we will have to prepare for a wider range of outcomes rather than predicting a specific outcome and positioning for it.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><b>What can be the different scenarios that can play out?<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Broadly we can bucket this into three scenarios<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> &#8211;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Optimistic Scenario:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Coronavirus problem gets solved and everything is back to normal. The market recovers.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>The Middle Path:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Things are impacted significantly for a short period and the market falls further. Then things go back to normal. The market eventually recovers.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Doomsday Scenario: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The virus spreads across the world taking a severe toll on human lives and businesses. The market crashes big time.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the Doomsday Scenario, with our lives at stake, portfolio returns will be the last of our concerns. As an optimist and someone who believes in human resilience, this is something which in my personal view is least likely to happen.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">So taking a pragmatic approach, we will put in place a \u2018plan\u2019 taking into account both the Optimistic Scenario and the Middle Path scenario.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><b>What\u2019s the plan?<\/b><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The idea is to balance between &#8211; the\u00a0<\/span><b>regret of missing out<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> if markets rally from here (optimistic scenario) vs <\/span><b>regret of entering too early<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> if markets correct further (middle path scenario).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Before you think it\u2019s a very complex plan, this is how a rough plan looks like &#8211;\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Decide the amount (from debt or extra money) that you want to deploy to make use of this opportunity in equities<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If market levels are at 20% decline from peak then move x% into equities<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If market levels are at 30% decline from peak then move x% into equities<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If market levels are at 40% decline from peak then move x% into equities<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If market levels are at 50% decline from peak then move x% into equities<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">You can customize the levels and actions (moving of x%) based on your preferences. The key is not to get bogged down by \u2018precision\u2019 but to have an approximate decent plan that you can stick to.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><b>Since the valuations have corrected and have become reasonable, should I go \u2018all in\u2019 and invest everything in one shot?<\/b><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Since no one knows where the bottom is, all we know is that currently the valuations are attractive and with every further fall they become even cheaper.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We know that from today&#8217;s levels our odds of a good return over the next 3-5 years are significantly high.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But if we deploy the entire amount (earmarked from new money or debt portion to make use of this opportunity), what happens if markets fall further. We are then left with the regret of having bought too early.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><b>Then should I wait for a further fall?<\/b><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If we don&#8217;t invest and wait for a further fall, then if the markets suddenly rally, we are left with the regret of not buying at lower levels.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">So the idea is to balance out both concerns and instead take a gradual approach and incrementally deploy as markets fall. In this way, if the markets suddenly rally, at least we have some portion deployed, and if markets fall further we still have the cash to deploy.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Overall, from these levels, since the odds of good returns are in our favour, the idea is to <\/span><b>manage our &#8216;regret&#8217;<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> rather than trying to predict a precise outcome.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><b>Where should I invest?<\/b><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We would recommend sticking to well-diversified multicap funds helmed by experienced fund managers which provide 20-30% exposure to mid\/small caps. You can refer to our FundsIndia Select List for suggestions.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><b>What about my existing equity portfolio?<\/b><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Before the decline happened, our internal model was building an equity return expectation of around 10-12% for the next 5 years (which is a real return of around 5-7% assuming an inflation at 4-5%). This was based on our assumptions of earnings growth of 14-16% CAGR + Valuation de-rating of around -6% CAGR + dividend yield of 1.5%.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hence we were neutral (read as neither overweight nor underweight) in terms of our positioning. The asset allocation was in line with your risk appetite.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Given the sharp correction in valuations, the model is now indicating returns in excess of 14% over the next 5 years (under the assumption that there is no significant long term impact on the expected earnings growth recovery). We, therefore, believe this is a good time to increase your equity exposure (either from debt portion or new money).<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><b>Assuming markets correct further and recover later, should I exit my existing portfolio now and enter later?<\/b><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Though this approach seems logical, the assumption it makes is market falls are gradual and unidirectional till the cycle turns. Unfortunately, the reality is a lot different.<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There are several false upside rallies during a decline and several false downsides during a recovery &#8211; making it extremely confusing and psychologically challenging<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The best and the worst days tend to occur close to each other &#8211; exacerbating the above issue<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Recoveries are extremely fast &#8211; usually first 1 to 3 months capture most of the recovery gains &#8211; the cost of mistiming is substantial<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To add to the challenge, in times of crises, the government and central bank usually respond by announcing several stimulus measures and try to talk up the market. Since markets move based on future expectations, some of these announcements might result in a sudden change of sentiment leading to a sharp rally.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Also, since the decline has already happened, there is always the risk that we might end up converting the notional losses into actual losses if we are unable to <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">re-enter<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> at lower levels. For a detailed explanation, you can read our earlier artic<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">le <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fundsindia.com\/blog\/mf-research\/things-no-one-tells-you-about-exit-now-enter-later-strategy\/17927\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">h<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ere<\/span><\/a><b>.<\/b><\/p>\n<h4><b>Summing it up<\/b><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Our thought process for approaching today\u2019s markets<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the short run, predicting markets is too difficult &#8211; given the various moving parts<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Our intent is to focus on things under our control<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The valuations have become attractive &#8211; higher odds of significant returns over the next 3-5 years<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Additional Investments made into equities (from fresh money or debt portion) at current levels can significantly improve overall portfolio returns<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Follow a rule-based, disciplined approach<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Optimism, Courage &amp; Patience &#8211; remains the key\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Plan for two scenarios &#8211; 1) Immediate Recovery 2) Further fall over a period of time followed by recovery<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Minimizing \u2018Regret\u2019 should remain the key &#8211; balancing between<\/span> <b>regret of missing out<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> if markets rally from here (optimistic scenario) vs <\/span><b>regret of entering too early<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> if markets correct further (middle path scenario)<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0Staggered rule-based approach to deploying additional money\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><b><i>&#8220;<\/i><\/b><b><i>The stock market is a device for transferring money<\/i><\/b><b><i> from the impatient to the patient.&#8221;\u00a0<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><b><i>Warren Buffet<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The last few weeks have been pretty tough for most of us. At the current juncture, while \u2018Be Patient\u2019 remains the best time-tested advice, let us be honest. This is far easier said than done.\u00a0 Given the sharp declines in the equity market, there is a high likelihood of hasty decisions in panic, which can [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":37,"featured_media":18134,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[506,509],"tags":[517,289,148,516,518,146,338,151,286,263],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v17.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Things under our control<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"During times like these, there is a simple takeaway from studying past market corrections -\u00a0Inevitably equity markets have always recovered!\u00a0\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/fundsindia.com\/blog\/mf-research\/things-under-our-control\/18126\" 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